0atoms
0bonds
—
Interactive molecular builder.
Click Add Element to place your first atom
or press ? for shortcuts
Selected atom
Atomic number
Bonds used
Hybridization
Formal charge
Molecule
Environment
Temperature
298 K
Pressure
1.00 atm
Focus molecule
No molecule
Melts at
—
Boils at
—
Crit. T
—
Crit. P
—
—
100%
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Chemical Bench
Loading the browser-only reaction bench...
bolt
Reaction
Kinetics
NGSS HS-PS1-5 / HS-PS1-6
Collisions
0
Reactions
0
P(react)
0%
Speed
0 u
Reaction
298 K
Higher T -> faster particles -> more collisions ->
higher rate
50
50
More reactant particles -> more collisions -> higher
rate
Catalyst lowers activation energy without being
consumed
Energy
Diagram
Reaction
Rate
Reactions
Collisions
NGSS Alignment
HS-PS1-5: Effects of temperature and concentration on reaction rate
HS-PS1-6: Refining conditions to increase products at equilibrium (Le Chatelier's principle)
HS-PS1-6: Refining conditions to increase products at equilibrium (Le Chatelier's principle)
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Nuclear
Decay
NGSS HS-PS1-8
Protons (Z)
92
Neutrons (N)
146
Mass (A)
238
Half-Life
4.5 Gyr
Select
Isotope
Custom
Isotope
Nuclear
Equation
Perform a decay to see the
equation
Decay Chain
NGSS
Alignment
HS-PS1-8: Develop models to illustrate the changes in the composition
of the nucleus of the atom and the energy released during the processes of fission,
fusion, and radioactive decay.
Decay Types
Reference
Alpha
Z-2, A-4 (emits 4He)
Beta- Beta-minus
Z+1, A same (n->p+e-)
Beta+ Beta-plus
Z-1, A same (p->n+e+)
EC Electron Capture
Z-1, A same
Gamma
No Z/A change (energy)
data_usage
Molecular
Analysis
Atoms
0
Bonds
0
Molecules
0
Total
Mass
0
amu
Net
Charge
0
device_thermostat
Temperature
298 K
compress
Pressure
1.0 atm
hub
Molecules
on Canvas
Build molecules in the Lab
to see analysis here.
pie_chart
Element
Composition
No atoms on canvas.
link
Bond
Distribution
No bonds on canvas.
Periodic Table
Low
High
water_drop
Acid-Base pH
Simulator
NGSS HS-PS1-1 - AP - IB - IGCSE -
A-Level
pH explorer
7.00 - Neutral
0 Acid
7 Neutral
14 Base
Measurement probes
Live
pH meter
7.00
Conductivity
Low
Indicator
Green
Ionization
0%
Move the pH explorer or change concentration to compare pH, ions, conductivity, and indicator color.
Live pH
7.000
Dissociation
100%
Ka / Kb
Complete
[H+] or [OH-]
1.00e-7 M
Equilibrium Expression
Try this
Substance
Scientific notation: 1.76e-5 = 1.76 x 10^-5
Quick
Load
0.100 M
Strong acids: pH = -log[HA]. Weak acids: quadratic
formula applied to Ka expression.
Standards Alignment
NGSS HS-PS1-1: Atomic / molecular interactions that explain bulk
properties
AP Chem: Unit 8 - Acids and Bases (Ka, Kb, pH, pOH)
IB/A-Level: Bronsted-Lowry theory, weak/strong distinction, Henderson-Hasselbalch
AP Chem: Unit 8 - Acids and Bases (Ka, Kb, pH, pOH)
IB/A-Level: Bronsted-Lowry theory, weak/strong distinction, Henderson-Hasselbalch
show_chart
Titration
Curve
AP - IB - IGCSE - A-Level
Current pH
-
Step through
Titration
Type
Concentrations &
Volumes
0.100
M
0.100
M
25 mL
Key Points
Legend
Equivalence Point (EP)
Half-EP: pH = pKa
Buffer
region
Standards
AP Chem: Unit 8 FRQ - pH at any point of a titration
IB SL/HL: Acid-base titrations, selection of indicators
A-Level: Buffer solutions, Henderson-Hasselbalch
IB SL/HL: Acid-base titrations, selection of indicators
A-Level: Buffer solutions, Henderson-Hasselbalch
balance
Chemical
Equilibrium
NGSS HS-PS1-4 - AP - IB - A-Level - Le
Chatelier
ICE Table
Kc =
-
Q =
-
Reaction
Equilibrium
Parameters
Controls Le Chatelier temperature shift
direction.
Custom
Equation
Use any labels (A, B, or real formulas).
Prefix coefficients: 2A + 3B <=> C. Set Kc and Delta H above.
400 K
Kc shifts with T via van't Hoff. Change Delta H above to
control direction.
Le
Chatelier Disturbances
Each disturbance shifts Q vs K, driving the
system to a new equilibrium. Watch ICE table update.
Standards
NGSS HS-PS1-4: Chemical and physical processes that release or absorb
energy
AP Chem: ICE tables, Q vs K, Le Chatelier shifts (most tested topic)
IB/A-Level: Equilibrium constant expression, effects of conditions on K and position
AP Chem: ICE tables, Q vs K, Le Chatelier shifts (most tested topic)
IB/A-Level: Equilibrium constant expression, effects of conditions on K and position
air
Gas Laws +
Particle Chamber
NGSS HS-PS3-4 - AP Chem - IB - KMT -
particle-wall collisions - PV=nRT
PV = nRT
PV = -
nRT = -
Particle evidence
0 impacts/s
Watch particles strike the walls and movable lid. More frequent or harder collisions mean higher pressure.
Pressure (P)
1.00 atm
Volume (V)
22.4 L
Temperature (T)
273 K
Moles (n)
1.00 mol
KE (avg)
3.4 kJ/mol
Lid hits
0/s
Gas Law
Mode
Variables
1.00 atm
22.4 L
273 K
1.00 mol
Kinetic
Chamber
PhET-style particle evidence, built into
Atomency's gas model.
Wall impacts
0/s
Lid position
--
Particles
--
Model
PV=nRT
Gas Type
Van der Waals
Parameters (P + an2/V2)(V - nb) = nRT
Edit any value or click a preset to load it. a=0,
b=0 = ideal gas.
P-V
Diagram
Isothermal curve
What's
Happening
Investigation prompt
Change one variable at a time and use particle collisions as evidence for the macroscopic gas law.
Standards
NGSS HS-PS3-4: Plan and conduct an investigation of the effects of
changes in T, P, and V on a gas
AP Chem: Gases unit - PV=nRT, partial pressures, KMT, real vs ideal
IB/A-Level: Topic 1 (Stoichiometry) - molar volume, ideal gas behavior
AP Chem: Gases unit - PV=nRT, partial pressures, KMT, real vs ideal
IB/A-Level: Topic 1 (Stoichiometry) - molar volume, ideal gas behavior